Interior gateway protocols (IGPs) are used to dynamically configure routers in an autonomous system (AS). Examples of IGPs are Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Cisco’s Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Read the full story

In order to have a good understanding of ISDN, you need to know more than its uses. You need to know about ISDN’s protocol groups, its protocols, how to identify reference points, and ISDN channels. Read the full story

When you are working in a production environment that uses Frame Relay and while you are studying for the CCNA exam, this topic is an important one. Read the full story

To prepare you for this portion of the CCNA exam, this section demonstrates how to configure a Cisco router to be used in a Frame Relay network. It explains the steps for configuring a router to use the Frame Relay encapsulation, assigning a DLCI number, and choosing a Local Management Interface Read the full story

This section discusses the terminology used for the various features within a Frame Relay network. You will learn how two internetwork devices communicate end-to-end through a Frame Relay cloud by using a DLCI number, DTE, DCE, demarcation (demarc), local loop, and PSE. Read the full story

This section starts off by taking a look at the Department of Defense’s version of TCP/IP, and then compares it and its protocols with the OSI Reference Model. This section reviews the functions of TCP/IP at the Network layer Read the full story

Let’s take a step-by-step walk through configuring the IP address on a Cisco 2514 router. Doing so will aid you in understanding how to configure the IP address on a router. Read the full story

This section does not deal with how to segment the LAN, and it barely touches on the reasons to useswitches, bridges, or VLANs to segment your network. This section is here to verify your knowledge of the advantages of segmenting your LAN and the differences between switches and bridges. Read the full story

This section gives a general understanding of the benefits of LAN segmentation.

Critical Information

One of the biggest advantages of LAN segmentation is the ability to increase the bandwidth available to the users on the network. Read the full story

IP Addresses

An IP address is made up of 32 bits of information. These bits are divided into four sections, referred to as octets or bytes, each containing one byte (eight bits). In the IP address 172.16.30.100, for example, 172.16 is the network address. Read the full story