Know the different layers and their functions. Just knowing the order of the layers won’t suffice. You must have a good understanding of what function each layer provides, including its protocols and specifications. Study this information hard.

Understand the different devices used at the various layers. Routers are defined at the Network layer, bridges and switches at the Data Link layer, and hubs at the Physical layer.

Remember why developers use layered models. Ease of troubleshooting, a standard interface, and industry specialization are three good reasons Cisco gives for using a layered model in the networking industry.

compatibility

This is a key reason for reference models. Application developers can ensure compatibility between disparate systems if they use the specifications of a layered model, such as the OSI Reference Model.

hardware addressing

Defined at the Data Link layer, hardware addressing is used to uniquely define hosts on a LAN. Hardware addresses are 48 bits long (six bytes).

logical addressing

Defined at the Network layer, logical addressing is used to define the network address and uniquely define hosts in an internetwork.

Routers

Defined at the Network layer, routers break up broadcast domains by default and provide logical addressing of a network.

Switches

Defined at the Data Link layer, switches break up collision domains. Switches allow you to segment broadcast domains by port by assigning them to different virtual LANs, making each VLAN its own broadcast domain.

Related posts:

1. TCP-IP Network-layer protocol Exam Points
2. OSI Network layer Exam Points
3. Data link and Network Addresses
4. Virtual LANs Exams Points
5. Benefits of Network Segmentation With Routers
6. Function of the MAC Address
7. LAN segmentation using bridges and switches
8. Five Conversion Steps of Data Encapsulation Points
9. key Frame Relay Terms and Features Exam Points
10. PPP Operations to Encapsulate WAN data on Cisco Routers